Background: Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii are the causative agents of coccidioidomycosis. The border between Mexico and the United States is the main endemic area for this mycosis. Phylogenetic analyzes showed genetic differences between these two species. The “Great Imitator” as it is called this fungal infection by a great variety of clinical pictures similar to other respiratory diseases, requires a good laboratory diagnosis. Coccidioides is considered a dimorphic fungus, however various parasitic morphologies have been reported, and making diagnosis more difficult.
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