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Attached and Unattached Microbial Communities in a Simulated Basalt Aquifer under Fracture- and Porous-Flow Conditions

机译:断裂流和多孔流条件下模拟玄武岩含水层中的附着和未附着微生物群落

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Bench scale column studies were used to examine the partitioning of microorganisms between groundwater and a geologic medium and to examine the effect of hydrogeology (i.e., porous- versus fracture-flow) on organism partitioning. Replicated columns were constructed with intact basalt core segments that contained natural fractures and with the same basalt crushed into particles. The columns were perfused with groundwater, and upon reaching a steady state, the columns were sacrificed and the attached and unattached communities were analyzed by multiple approaches. The analyses included the total number of cells, the phylogenetic affiliation of the cells (i.e., the α, β, and γ subclasses of the class Proteobacteria and gram positives with high G+C DNA content) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), number and taxonomic affiliation by fatty acid methyl ester profiles of culturable heterotrophs, most-probable-number estimates of methanotrophs and phenol oxidizers, and whole-community sole carbon source utilization patterns from Biolog GN microplates. In the packed columns, about 99% of the total biomass (per cubic centimeter of porous medium) was attached to the geologic medium. Lack of equitable units precluded a comparison of attached and unattached biomasses in the fractured columns where the attached biomass was expressed per unit of surface area. Compositional differences in the attached and unattached communities were evidenced by (i) the recovery ofPseudomonas stutzeri, an Enterococcus sp., andBacillus psychrophilus from the groundwater and not from the basalt, (ii) differences between community carbon source utilization patterns, and (iii) the relative abundances of different phylogenetic groups estimated by FISH in both column types. In the packed columns, attached communities were depleted of members of the α- and β-Proteobacteria subclasses in comparison to those in the corresponding groundwater. In the fractured columns, attached communities were enriched in gram-positive Bacteriaand γ-Proteobacteria and depleted of β-Proteobacteria, in comparison to those in the corresponding groundwater. Segregation of populations and their activities, possibly modified by attachment to geologic media, may influence contaminant fate and transport in the subsurface and impact other in situ applications.
机译:使用台式规模的柱研究来研究微生物在地下水和地质介质之间的分配,并研究水文地质学(即多孔流与裂缝流)对生物分配的影响。复制的色谱柱由完整的玄武岩芯段构成,该段包含天然裂缝,并且玄武岩碎裂成颗粒。将柱子灌以地下水,并在达到稳态后将其处死,并通过多种方法分析附着和未附着的群落。分析包括通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)进行的细胞总数,细胞的系统发育亲缘关系(即,Proteobacteria类的α,β和γ亚类以及G + C DNA含量高的革兰氏阳性菌),可培养的异养菌的脂肪酸甲酯分布图的数量和分类学隶属关系,甲烷营养菌和酚氧化剂的最可能数量估计以及Biolog GN微孔板的整个社区唯一碳源利用模式。在填充柱中,约99%的总生物量(每立方厘米的多孔介质)附着在地质介质上。缺乏相等的单位排除了在裂隙柱中附着和未附着生物量的比较,在裂隙柱中附着生物量以单位表面积表示。 (i)从地下水而不是从玄武岩中回收斯图斯假单胞菌,肠球菌和嗜热芽孢杆菌的组成差异,(ii)社区碳源利用方式之间的差异,以及(iii)证明附着和未附着的群落的组成差异。 FISH估算的两种柱类型的不同系统发育群体的相对丰度。在填充柱中,与相应的地下水相比,附着的群落中α-和β-变形杆菌亚类的成员被耗尽。与相应的地下水相比,在裂隙柱中,附着的群落富含革兰氏阳性细菌和γ-变形杆菌,而β-变形杆菌却被耗尽。人口隔离及其活动(可能会因与地质介质的附着而改变)可能会影响地下的污染物命运和运输,并影响其他现场应用。

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