Classic and recent results for gauge effects on the properties of the normal-to-superconducting phase transition in bulk and thin film superconductors are reviewed. Similar problems in the description of other natural systems (liquid crystals, quantum field theory, early Universe) are also discussed. The relatively strong gauge effects on the fluctuations of the ordering field at low spatial dimensionality $D$ and, in particular, in thin (quasi-2D) films are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the fluctuations of the gauge field. It is shown that the mechanism in which these gauge fluctuations affect the order of the phase transition and other phase transition properties varies with the variation of the spatial dimensionality $D$. The problem for the experimental confirmation of the theoretical predictions about the order of the phase transitions in gauge systems is discussed.
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机译：规范和最新的结果对规范的影响，从正常到超导相转变的主体和薄膜超导体。还讨论了其他自然系统（液晶，量子场论，早期宇宙）描述中的类似问题。详细考虑了在低空间维数$ D $时，特别是在薄膜（准2D）薄膜中，相对强的规范效应对有序场的波动的影响。要特别注意仪表场的波动。结果表明，这些尺度波动影响相变顺序和其他相变特性的机制随空间维数$ D $的变化而变化。讨论了有关量规系统中相变顺序的理论预测的实验确认问题。
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