Mode B ultrasonography and abdominal Doppler in crab-eating-foxes ( Cerdocyon thous )

摘要

: Annually hundreds of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are referred to rehabilitation centers and zoos in Brazil. The ultrasonographic study of wildlife species is an important tool for a non-invasive and accurate anatomical description and provides important information for wildlife veterinary care. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the main abdominal organs as well as the vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using mode B ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Ultrasonographic features of the main abdominal organs were described and slight differences were noticed between ultrasound imaging of abdominal organs of crab-eating foxes and other species. The bladder presented wall thickness of 12?±0.01mm, with three defined layers. Both, the right and left kidneys presented corticomedullary ratio of 1:1 and similarly to the adrenals and the liver, they were homogeneous and hypoechoic compared to the spleen. The spleen was homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the kidneys. The stomach presented 3 to 5 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 39?±0.05mm and lumen and mucosa with hyperechoic and hypoechoic features, respectively. Small and large intestines presented 2 to 3 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 34?±0.03mm and three defined layers with hyperechogenic (submucosa and serosa) and hypoechogenic (muscular) features. Ovaries of the female crab-eating fox were hypoechoic compared to the spleen and with heterogeneous parenchyma due to the presence of 2x2mm ovarian follicles. Prostates of the six males were regular and with a well defined boundary, with a homogeneous and hyperechoic parenchyma compared to the spleen. Vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta (PSV: 25.60?±0.32cm/s; EDV: 6.96?±1.68cm/s; PI: 1.15?±0.07 e RI: 0.73?±0.07) and right (PSV: 23.08?±3.34cm/s; EDV: 9.33?±2.36cm/s; PI: 1.01?±0.65 e RI: 0.65?±0.16) and left renal arteries (PSV: 23.74?±3.94cm/s; EDV: 9.07?±3.02cm/s; PI: 1.04?±0.31 e RI: 0.64?±0.10) were determined. Thus, conventional and Doppler ultrasonographic imaging provides basic information that can be used as reference for the species as well for other wild canids and it is a precise and non-invasive method that can be safely used to evaluate and diagnose abdominal injuries in these patients. Index Terms:??Wild mammals; Cerdocyon thous; abdominal ultrasonography; Doppler. Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os achados ultrassonogr??ficos convencionais dos principais ?3rg?￡os abdominais e determinar com a utiliza?§?￡o da ultrassonografia Doppler os ?-ndices vasculares da aorta abdominal e art??rias renais em cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Foram avaliados nove cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Por meio da ultrassonografia convencional do abd?′men dos animais, estudaram-se os achados ultrassonogr??ficos normais e a biometria dos principais ?3rg?￡os dessa cavidade como f?-gado, ba?§o, bexiga, est?′mago, intestinos, adrenais, rins, ov??rios, pr?3stata e tecido linfoide dos animais, obtendo-se resultados importantes para a caracteriza?§?￡o sonogr??fica desses tecidos. A bexiga apresentou espessura da parede de 12 ?± 0,01 mm, com tr?as camadas bem definidas. O rim direito e esquerdo apresentaram rela?§?￡o corticomedular de 1:1 e com ecogenicidade semelhante as adrenais e f?-gado, homog?aneas e hipoecoica em compara?§?￡o ao ba?§o. O ba?§o apresentou-se homog?aneo e hiperecoica em rela?§?￡o aos rins. O est?′mago apresentou de 3 a 5 movimentos perist??lticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 39 ?± 0,05mm e l?omen e mucosa com caracter?-sticas hiperecoicas e hipoecoicas, respectivamente. O intestino delgado e grosso apresentaram de 2 a 3 movimentos perist??lticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 34 ?± 0,03mm e tr?as camadas definidas, hiperecog?anica (submucosa e serosa) e hipoecog?anicas (musculares). Os ov??rios de uma f?amea se apresentaram hipoecoica, em compara?§?￡o com o ba?§o, e heterog?aneos, devido ?? presen?§a de fol?-culos ovarianos de 2x2mm de di?￠metro. As prostatas de seis machos eram regulares e com contornos definidos, par?anquima homog?aneo e hiperecoico em rela?§?￡o ao ba?§o. Ao exame Doppler foram determinados os ?-ndices vasculares da aorta abdominal (PSV: 25,60?±0,32cm/s; EDV: 6,96?±1,68cm/s; PI: 1,15?±0,07 e RI: 0,73?±0,07) e das art??rias renais direitas (PSV: 23,08?±3,34cm/s; EDV: 9,33?±2,36cm/s; PI: 1,01?±0,65 e RI: 0,65?±0,16) e esquerdas (PSV: 23,74?±3,94cm/s; EDV: 9,07?±3,02cm/s; PI: 1,04?±0,31 e RI: 0,64?±0,10). Pode-se concluir que a ultrassonografia convencional e Doppler podem ser ferramentas importantes no estudo morfofisiol?3gico de ?3rg?￡os abdominais em cachorros-do-mato, possibilitando o diagn?3stico de altera?§?μes abdominais nesses animais e a utiliza?§?￡o desses achados como refer?ancias para outros caninos silvestres. Termos de Indexa?§?￡o:??Mam?-feros selvagens; Cerdocyon thous; ultrass