A Systematic Review on Long Term Effects of Weight Loss Diet on Body Weight and Lipid Profile: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials

摘要

Various diets with different macronutrient compositions have been designed and practiced to achieve desirable weight loss. However, evidence on the benefits and risks of these diets over long- term duration on weight loss and fasting serum lipid is still scarce with different opinions and perspectives. A systematic literature search for relevant eligible trials was conducted on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with parallel design that examined the effects of weight loss diet on body weight and fasting serum lipid, in overweight or obese adults aged 18 to 50 years old; focusing on calorie restriction with specific macronutrient distribution. Nine trials with a total of 1016 individuals fulfilled inclusion criteria. After 12 months, low carbohydrate diet (LC) showed significant increment in body weight (weighted mean difference, 1.22kg: 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17 to 2.28, P=0.02) and triglyceride (TG) value (weighted mean difference, 0.11mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.19, P=0.01). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) did not significantly change after both diets. In conclusion, the long term use of LC should be reconsidered due to unfavorable effect of LC on weight changes and TG. Nevertheless, more long term studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of these weight loss diets.