New molecules modulating bone metabolism – new perspectives in the treatment of osteoporosis.

摘要

In this review the authors outline traditional antiresorptivepharmaceuticals, such as bisphosphonates, monoclonal antibodiesagainst RANKL, SERMs, as well as a drug withan anabolic effect on the skeleton, parathormone. However, thereis also a focus on non-traditional strategies used in therapy forosteolytic diseases. The newest antiosteoporotic pharmaceuticalsincrease osteoblast differentiation via BMP signaling (harmine), orstimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cellsthrough Wnt/β-catenin (icarrin, isoflavonoid caviunin, orsulfasalazine). A certain promise in the treatment of osteoporosis isshown by molecules targeting non-coding microRNAs (which arecritical for osteoclastogenesis) or those stimulating osteoblastactivity via epigenetic mechanisms. Vitamin D metabolites havespecific antiosteoporotic potencies, modulating the skeleton notonly via mineralization, but markedly also through the direct effectson the bone microstructure.