Talk radio as the soundtrack of our lives: Participatory HIV/AIDS communication, public self-expression and Positive Talk

摘要

Despite the many HIV/AIDS communication initiatives, combined with support and infrastructural support in South Africa, risky behaviour associated with the spread of the epidemic is increasing amongst many groups. This calls for a re-evaluation of endeavours aimed at curbing the spread of the epidemic. This article is only concerned with the communicational aspects of the epidemic, but does not negate the interaction of these with other measures taken to address the epidemic. As is the case with most health communication initiatives, HIV/AIDS communication initiatives have evolved to favour the participatory approach above one-directional transmission of information to the public. The participatory approach rests on the assumption that an HIV/AIDS communication initiative stands the best chance of resulting in behaviour change if members of the target community participate in the communication initiative. The assumption is that as many people as possible should be involved in the maximum number of phases of the communicative initiative (such as initial research, planning, implementation and evaluation of the project). Some research has recently started to explore new forms of community participation, including inviting community participation through, for example, internet-based platforms such as social media, and mobile phone platforms such as WhatsApp and BBM. However, the reality broadcast genre – more specifically, talk radio – has been neglected, as only a few research investigations focused on talk radio and most of these are not exclusively about HIV/AIDS communication but focus on other health topics. From a participatory communication perspective, two sets of critique against the existing HIV/AIDS communication projects hold water: firstly, they do not make the maximum use of participatory communication principles and, secondly, they are externally initiated projects and emanate from outside the target community. To address both of these concerns, this article explores a wider range of participatory principles and the potential workings of these in an internally initiated communication initiative aimed at addressing the epidemic. More specifically, this article investigates ways in which radio listeners experience the reality broadcast genre – the talk radio show, Positive Talk – as participatory communication. Positive Talk is not an externally initiated project, as it is not part of a pre-planned, goal-oriented project that is owned and controlled outside the target community. In contrast, it has been initiated by Criselda Kananda, an individual not linked to any of the existing initiatives outside the community. She started the show to earn a living. She became a well-known person, is fairly knowledgeable in the field and was granted this opportunity as she is HIV-positive. In order to investigate how radio listeners use the show to engage in HIV/AIDS communication, 20 in-depth interviews were held with avid listeners of the show. The respondents indicated that they appreciate ordinary people phoning in. When expressing their opinions about the show, they found Kananda's life story credible, believed her public and private life to be congruent, valued Kananda's personality and respectful manner and could identify with the views expressed. In the article, it is argued that these ideas are largely in line with the principles of participatory communication tied to democracy, the participatory turn, the ordinary, validation of identity and respectful dialogue. Although the findings of this qualitative study cannot be generalised to the whole listening population of the show, they indicate that it is worth investigating the value of communication initiatives that emerge spontaneously from communities (instead of those strategically engineered from outside the general population) as a future direction of HIV/AIDS communication in the country. Résumé En dépit des nombreuses initiatives de communication sur le VIH/SIDA, associées à un soutien et à des infrastructures de soutien en Afrique du Sud, les comportements à risques liés à la propagation de cette épidémie augmentent au sein de nombreux groupes. Il est donc nécessaire de réévaluer les actions visant à enrayer cette propagation. Cet article ne traite que des aspects communicationnels de l'épidémie, mais ne nie pas l'interaction de ces derniers avec d'autres mesures prises pour y faire face. Comme la plupart des initiatives de communication concernant la santé, les initiatives de communication sur le VIH/SIDA ont évolué de fa?on à favoriser l'approche participative, plut?t que la transmission unidirectionnelle d'informations au public. L'approche participative repose sur l'hypothèse qu'une initiative de communication sur le VIH/SIDA a le plus de chances d'entrainer un changement de comportement si les membres de la communauté cible participent à cette initiative. L'idée est d'impliquer autant de monde que possible dans le plus grand nombre de phas