A survey of the cereal contamination with deoxynivalenol in Romania, for 2011 - 2013 period

摘要

This is the first research on deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in Romanian cereal crops that combines the time (2011 - 2013), geographical (41 counties, 6 regions) and measurement (90 weather stations; 1754 cereal samples, 150 cultivars) scales. DON contamination varied between <18.5 - 5027.7 μg/kg (2012 crop) and <18.5 - 3602.6 μg/kg (2013 crop). The incidence of samples with DON>1000 μg/kg was 3.4% (28/831 samples) in 2012 crop, and 2.4% (22/923 samples) in 2013 crop. The analytical results have shown that contamination of cereals with DON is not a major problem at national level, but depending on the climatic conditions of each year (abundant or excessive rainfall 101 - 250 L/m2) it could be at regional level (Western Plain: 4958.56 μg/kg and 3602.56 μg/kg, and Transylvania: 4345.7 μg/kg and 3106.44 μg/kg), often local level. The main factors that influenced grain contamination with DON are considered the climate conditions (in the critical growing from May to June), the crop location in potential flood areas (especially for Somes and Mures rivers) and the high soil water supply (1300 - 1600 mc/ha). For 2011 - 2013 years a possible risk area was the North-West Romania where the synergistic action of meteorological, hydrological and geographical factors favored the high incidence and levels of DON contamination in cereals.