Gabapentina preoperatoria como adyuvante en el manejo del dolor agudo postoperatorio en histerectomía abdominal

摘要

Background: It is well known that pain is subjective symptom and postoperative pain continues prevalence worldwide, because despite all the progress has not yet been able to eradicate completely. Objective: To evaluate the adjuvant effect on postoperative pain intensity 600 mg of gabapentin administered preoperatively in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy at St. Thomas Hospital from April to August 2014. Methods: An experimental study cohort prospective randomized, controlled, double blind study in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Were randomized into two groups: gabapentin group -gabapentin 600 mg (2 hours preoperative) + analgesia morphine through pump patient controlled analgesia (PCA)- and control group -analgesia with morphine via PCA pump; morphine dose was calculated based on weight ranges to 0.016 mg/kg/h. Pain intensity scale with verbal numeric scale (VNS) of 11 points at 2, 6 and 24 hours were evaluated, the number of rescues administered postoperatively was quantified and the prevalence of adverse events in both groups was measured. Results: Seventy-two patients splitted into two homogeneous groups were recruited, the average age was 44.72 ± 6.17 years in gabapentin group and 49.36 ± 9.31 years in control group. As for postoperative pain was statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), a difference was found in the VNS of 11 points, 4.27 ± 2.32, 1.94 ± 1.95 and 0.77 ± 1.28 in gabapentin group and 7.13 ± 2.41, 4.5 ± 2.37 y 3.25 ± 2.18 in control group at 2, 6 and 24 hours respectively; the amount of ransom administered by PCA pump during the first 24 postoperative hours was measured was 6.72 ± 5.7 for gabapentin group and 24.13 ± 47.01 for control group, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); the prevalence of adverse effects was not statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that gabapentin at doses of 600 mg preoperative is a valid therapeutic option in preoperative analgesia for abdominal hysterectomy. Note that we have yet to elucidate the optimal effective dose and to present lower incidence of adverse effects.