Nutritive Composition and Properties Physico-chemical of gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Seed and Oil

摘要

Chemical and physical properties of mature gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds from Impfondo, in North Congo-Brazzaville were evaluated. The chemical properties evaluated were moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude ash, crude fiber, and crude energy. The oil from A.esculentus seeds was extracted using two oils extraction methods with petroleum ether (Soxlhet) and extraction with a mixture of chloroform:methanol (1:1) (Blye and Dyer).The oil concentration ranged from 24.90% (Soxlhet) to 21.98% (Blye & Dyer). The minerals, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, unsaponifiable matter content, peroxide value, activation energy and differential scanning calorimetry were determined. Abelmoschus esculentus L. seeds have ash content of 5.68% (with the presence of following minerals: Ca, Mg, K and Na). The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic (up to 24.89%) and linoleic (up to 42.78%). Abelmoschus esculentus L. oil can be classified in the oleic-linoleic acid group. The dominant saturated acid w as palmitic (up to 25.79%). Abelmoschus esculentus L. seeds were also founded to contain high levels of crude protein (24.85%). The content of insaponifiables is 1.53%. Taking into account these results, the gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) finds its applications in the food and cosmetic industry.