Situación actual de la lactancia materna en una zona de salud urbana y factores que la condicionan

摘要

Introduction: Despite the widely known benefits, one of the facts observed in the pediatric consultation is that many of them do not initiate or do not maintain breastfeeding during the recommended time. Objective. To describe the current situation of breastfeeding in our primary care healths centre and analyze the socioeconomic factors conditioning its maintenance. Material and methods. Transversal descriptive study to the total of women who had a child during 2014 and 2015. Variables studied included age, previous pregnancies, desire for pregnancy, type of delivery, attendance at childbirth preparation, support for breastfeeding, recommendation for breastfeeding, educational level, employment status, family structure, type of lactation when was discharged, full breastfeeding duration, total duration of breastfeeding and cause of suppression. Data were collected through structured interviews. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS Windows statistical software package version 22. Results. Data were collected from 137 mothers (81.5%). The average age was 26.8 years. 47.4% had primary studies, 31.1% had no studies. The employment situation was unemployment in 66.7% of the cases. At discharge after birth, 43.8% of infants received full breastfeeding. The average length was 1.7 months, only 11.7% of the women reached 6 months of full breastfeeding. The main reason for breastfeeding suppression was insufficient production (38.1%). Conclusions. The women studied became mothers at an early age. They belong to a middle-low socioeconomic level. The full breastfeeding and total breastfeeding duration were shorter than international recommendations.