Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial

摘要

BackgroundDairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET ( RE placement of S aturat E d fat in dairy on T otal cholesterol) study using 4-d weighed dietary records, in addition to plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) status. MethodsIn a randomised, controlled, crossover design, free-living UK participants identified as moderate risk for CVD ( n =?54) were required to replace habitually consumed dairy foods (milk, cheese and butter), with study products with a FA profile typical of retail products (control) or SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched profile (modified), for two 12-week periods, separated by an 8-week washout period. A flexible food-exchange model was used to implement each isoenergetic high-fat, high-dairy diet (38% of total energy intake (%TE) total fat): control (dietary target: 19%TE SFA; 11%TE MUFA) and modified (16%TE SFA; 14%TE MUFA). ResultsFollowing the modified diet, there was a smaller increase in SFA (17.2%TE vs. 19.1%TE; p p p =?0.006), higher total cis -MUFAs and trans -MUFAs (both p ConclusionThe food-exchange model was successfully used to achieve RESET dietary targets by partial replacement of SFAs with MUFAs in dairy products, a finding reflected in the PL-FA profile and indicative of objective dietary compliance. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02089035 , date 05-01-2014.