Armoured scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae and H. Rapax (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), infestation of kiwifruit rejected for export at two packhouses from 1987 to 1991

摘要

Abstract Kiwifruit rejected for export because of armoured scale contamination were collected from a packhouse in Kerikeri and another in Whangarei, New Zealand from 1987 to 1991. A subsample of up to 50 scale infested fruit from each orchard was examined for scale. The 5 640 fruit which were examined yielded 14 390 scale. Latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), comprised 84% of the scale from Kerikeri and greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock), 96% of the scale from Whangarei. No other scale species was found. First and second instar were the most common stages, except for the last 3 years at Kerikeri, when mature third instar predominated. The mortality of all scale stages ranged from 60 to 91%, except in 1988 at Kerikeri when a high proportion of live first instar reduced mortality to 44%. Of the supposed scale infested fruit, 56% had a single scale, 15% had no scale, and the remainder had multiple infestations. Most multiple infestations (82%) had at least one mature scale associated wit...