Croatian Maritime Related Terms from the Middle of the 19th ct. up to the Breakdown of Austro Hungarian Empire

摘要

Stormy period of the Revolution of 1948/49 gave rise to the national upheaval even in Croatian regions within the Empire. At that time, when the reorganization of maritime schools started, the first systematic collecting and recording of maritime related terms started in Rijeka Nautical school where the most prominent teacher was Antun Jakov Miko?, who was the first to have written Croatian vocabulary of maritime terms, which unfortunately was not published. After great social and political changes in the Empire, two privileged nations Austrians and Hungarians carried out together the politics against Slavs, thus impeding the usage of Croatian maritime terms neither in navigation nor in shipping practice, nor in our nautical schools which were under the sovereignty of Wienna (from Trieste to Kotor) or Budapest (in Rijeka). Nautical School of Bakar was under the sovereignty of The Government of Zagreb thus enabling the introuction of the Croatian in schools, immediately after the reestablishment in 1871. The most prominent person of Nautical School of Bakar was Bo?o Babi?, a great pioneer in his intention to introduce Croatian terminology into nautical schools, and the author of five Croatian maritime vocabularies. On the other hand, Juraj Cari?, although inclined to use established italianisms wrote also first nautical manuals in Croatian. Other two nautical schools : in Dubrovnik and Kotor fought over the period of many years, even up to the end of the 19th ct. for the introduction of Croatian as a subject which partially was introduced only after a new reorganization of nautical schools in 1896/97. Although even at the end of the 19 th ct. Croatian was in use as an official language on our coast, Italian was very widely used in seafaring. Therefore it is not strange to see even in 1917. the following requirement ?We must firstly intend to use Croatian in seafaring and shipping.? Moreover, in 1917., in war, Croatian was introduced as a subject for all professional subjects just in nautical school in Bakar. Nautical schools in Dubrovnik and Kotor had to wait for the breakdown of Austro Hungarian Empire and the reestablishment of Kingdom of Serbs,Croatians and Slovenes.