The History of Robotics In Urology

摘要

In 1921 the playwright Karel Capekcoined the word “robot” in his play,“Rossum’s Universal Robots”. The wordis derived from the Czechoslovakian term“robota” which means forced work.Capek’s play dealt with a world in whichrobots help humans with everyday tasksbut eventually turn on theirmasters.1Isaac Asimov wrote numerousscience fiction stories on robots and wasthe first to use the term “robotics.” Hisworks centered on robots’ interactionswith society and inspired many of today’sfictional books and movies. However,over the past decades the bridge betweenscience fiction and reality has closed. Thefirst digitally operated and programmablerobot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961to lift hot pieces of metal from a die castingmachine and stack them. This wasthe beginning of the use of robotics inindustry. Robots have since been usedin manufacturing, assembly, packing,transport, space exploration, laboratoryresearch, weaponry and surgery.