Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Ekstraksi Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L) Hook.f & Thomson) Terhadap Aktivitas Hambatan Enzim Alfa Glukosidase

摘要

AbstrakBrotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. &Thomson) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi proses ekstraksi batang brotowali terhadap aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase, kadar total fenol dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Simplisia batang brotowali yang digunakan memiliki kadar susut pengeringan sebesar 11,59%; kadar air 9,11%; kadar abu total 7,62%; kadar abu tidak larut asam 5,00%; kadar sari larut air 2,24%; kadar sari larut etanol 0,53% dan kadar total fenol 2,90 mg Ekivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g simplisia. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel tetap yaitu metode ekstraksi perkolasi, konsentrasi etanol kualitas pangan 70% dan laju alir pelarut 250 mL/menit. Sedangkan variabel peubahnya adalah delapan waktu ekstraksi (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 dan 240 menit) dan tiga perbandingan simplisia-pelarut (1:10, 1:15 dan 1:20). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase dan TDS tertinggi diperoleh pada perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:10 dan berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dengan perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:15 dan 1:20. Kadar total fenol berbeda signifikan (P< 0,05) antara ketiga perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:10, 1:15 dan 1:20. Proses waktu ekstraksi menunjukkan perbandingan nisbah simplisia-pelarut 1:10 memiliki aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 81,31%, kadar total fenol 40,52 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada180 menit. Perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:15 diperoleh hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 74,79%, kadar total fenol 22,74 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada 30 menit. Sedangkan perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:20 diperoleh hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 65,00%, kadar total fenol 30,69 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada 210 menit.Kata kunci : Ekstraksi, Tinospora crispa, alfa glukosidase?AbstractBrotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. &Thomson) is one of medicinal plants, which is widely used as traditional medicine and has been using as an antidiabetic activity. The aims of study were to investigate the influence of extraction process of T.crispa on alpha-glucosidase inhibitoryactivity, total phenols content and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) content. T.crispa used content of loss on drying, water content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, compound soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and total phenols were found to be 11.59%, 9.11%, 7.62%, 5.00%, 2.24%, 0.53% and 2.90 mg Gallic Acide Equivalent (GAE)/g respectively. This study used dependent variables those were method of extraction using percolation, 70% ethanol food grade as solvent and 250 mL/min flow rate of extraction. There were eight extraction times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes) and three ratios of T.crispa-solvent (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) as nondependent variable. The results of extraction process showed that alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity and TDS content of the highest in ratio T.crispa solvent of 1:10 and significantly difference (P<0.05) than 1:15 and 1:20. The total phenols content of all ratios of T.crispa-solvents 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 having a significantly difference (P<0.05). The process of extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:10 with the best alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity 8.13%, phenol total content 40.52 mg GAE/g was on 180 minutes. Extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:15 with alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity 74.79% and phenol total content 22.74 mg GAE/g was on 30 minutes. Extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:20 with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity 65.00%, phenol total content 30.69mg GAE/g was on 210 minutes.Keywords : Extraction, Tinospora crispa, alpha-glucosidase