A wide variety of nanoscale hollow spheres can be obtained via a microemulsion approach. This includes oxides (e.g., ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, AlO(OH), La(OH)3), sulfides (e.g., Cu2S, CuS) as well as elemental metals (e.g., Ag, Au). All hollow spheres are realized with outer diameters of 10−60 nm, an inner cavity size of 2−30 nm and a wall thickness of 2−15 nm. The microemulsion approach allows modification of the composition of the hollow spheres, fine-tuning their diameter and encapsulation of various ingredients inside the resulting “nanocontainers”. This review summarizes the experimental conditions of synthesis and compares them to other methods of preparing hollow spheres. Moreover, the structural characterization and selected properties of the as-prepared hollow spheres are discussed. The latter is especially focused on container-functionalities with the encapsulation of inorganic salts (e.g., KSCN, K2S2O8, KF), biomolecules/bioactive molecules (e.g., phenylalanine, quercetin, nicotinic acid) and fluorescent dyes (e.g., rhodamine, riboflavin) as representative examples.
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机译：可以通过微乳液方法获得各种各样的纳米级空心球。这包括氧化物（例如ZnO，TiO 2 ，SnO 2 ，AlO（OH），La（OH） 3 ），硫化物（例如，Cu 2 S，CuS）以及元素金属（例如Ag，Au）。所有空心球的外径均为10-60 nm，内腔尺寸为2-30 nm，壁厚为2-15 nm。微乳液方法可以改变空心球的组成，微调其直径，并将各种成分封装在所得的“纳米容器”内部。这篇综述总结了合成的实验条件，并将其与其他制备空心球的方法进行了比较。此外，讨论了所制备空心球的结构表征和所选性能。后者特别关注具有无机盐包封功能的容器功能（例如，KSCN，K 2 S 2 O 8 ，KF）作为代表实例，生物分子/生物活性分子（例如，苯丙氨酸，槲皮素，烟酸）和荧光染料（例如，若丹明，核黄素）。
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