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Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the determinants of vaccination among health care workers in selected health facilities in Lusaka district, Zambia: an exploratory study

机译:赞比亚卢萨卡地区某些卫生机构的乙肝疫苗接种覆盖率和医护人员疫苗接种决定因素:一项探索性研究

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Background Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver and causes both acute and chronic disease. It is transmitted through contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids. It is an occupational hazard for healthcare workers and can be prevented by the administration of a vaccine. It is recommended that healthcare workers be vaccinated against vaccine preventable diseases including hepatitis B. The study objective was to determine the prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in selected health facilities in Lusaka. Methods The study took place in seven health facilities across Lusaka district in Zambia. A total sample size of 331 healthcare workers was selected of which; 90 were nurses, 88 were doctors, 86 were laboratory personnel and 67 were general workers. A self-administered structured questionnaire was given to a total of 331 healthcare workers. Investigator led stepwise approach was used to select the best predictor variables in a multiple logistic regression model and all analyses were performed using STATA software, version 12.1 SE (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Results Only 64(19.3%) of the healthcare workers were vaccinated against hepatitis B, with 35 (54.7%) of these being fully vaccinated and 29 (45.3%) partially vaccinated. Analysis showed that; age of the healthcare worker, sharp injuries per year and training in infection control were the variables that were statistically significant in predicting a healthcare worker’s vaccination status. Conclusion It is reassuring to learn that healthcare workers have knowledge regarding hepatitis B and the vaccine and are willing to be vaccinated against it. Health institutions should bear the cost for vaccinating staff and efforts should be made for appropriate health education regarding hepatitis B infection and its prevention. Establishment of policies on compulsory hepatitis B vaccination for healthcare workers in Zambia is recommended.
机译:背景乙型肝炎是肝脏的病毒感染,可引起急性和慢性疾病。它是通过与被感染者的体液接触而传播的。它对医护人员是职业危害,可以通过接种疫苗预防。建议为医护人员接种预防疫苗的疾病,包括乙型肝炎。本研究的目的是确定卢萨卡某些医疗机构中医护人员中乙型肝炎疫苗的流行率和决定因素。方法该研究在赞比亚卢萨卡地区的七个医疗机构中进行。总共选择了331名医护人员作为样本。护士90名,医生88名,实验室人员86名,普工67名。对总共331名医护人员进行了自我管理的结构化问卷。使用研究人员主导的逐步方法在多元逻辑回归模型中选择最佳的预测变量,并且所有分析均使用STATA软件版本12.1 SE(Stata Corporation,College Station,TX,美国)进行。结果仅有64(19.3%)的医护人员接受了乙肝疫苗接种,其中35(54.7%)接受了完全疫苗接种,29(45.3%)进行了部分疫苗接种。分析表明:医护人员的年龄,每年的重伤和感染控制培训是在预测医护人员的疫苗接种状况方面具有统计学意义的变量。结论令人欣慰的是,医护人员了解乙型肝炎和疫苗,并愿意接种乙肝疫苗。卫生机构应承担接种人员的费用,并应努力进行有关乙肝感染及其预防的适当健康教育。建议制定赞比亚医护人员强制性乙肝疫苗接种政策。

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