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Development of integrated pest management techniques: Insect pest management on Safflower

机译:病虫害综合防治技术的发展:红花病虫害防治

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Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a pest of safflower and its management is of great challenge because of its fecundity and concealed larval habitat. Potential components of an integrated pest management program for A. helianthi were investigated at the Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station, in southern Iran from November, 2008 to July, 2009. For the life cycle studies, the infected flower heads were collected from an experimental field plot and were developed from egg to adult under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the first adults emerged gradually in mid April, 2009. Female A.helianthi had a pre-oviposition period of 5.8 ± 1.0 days and the average fecundity was 27 ± 3.2 eggs. The eggs were laid in the bracts of flower heads singly or in clusters of 3-18. The Incubation period was 3.8 ± 0.6 days under field conditions and 3.4 ± 0.6 days under cage conditions. Three larval instars occurred, and the larval phase was 7-10 days. Males emerged earlier than females, but the longevity of the adult females (12 ± 3.0) was significantly greater than that of males (8 ± 1.0). Analysis of aggregated male and female sampling data showed that the sex ratio was 1:1.28. To evaluate the efficiency of different methods of fruit fly control on Safflower, a field experiment was carried out. Five diverse methods, insecticides, baiting, cultural, integrated management and no treatment were assessed on weight of one thousand seeds, percentage of oil, percentage seed damage and harvest/ha. Integrated management and insecticide control indicated best results with harvest potential of 1850 and 1723 kg/ha with a least damage of 5 and 8%, respectively. Since the use of selective insecticides is one of the most important methods for pest management, we evaluated the efficacy of six insecticides against A. helianthi infesting safflower. Among the treatments Endosulfan 35% EC at 0.03% proved more effective followed by Chlorpyriphos and Monochrotophos.
机译:Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi(Diptera:Tephritidae)是一种红花的害虫,由于其繁殖力强和隐蔽的幼虫栖息地,其管理面临巨大挑战。 2008年11月至2009年7月在伊朗南部的Gachsaran农业研究站调查了A. helianthi病虫害综合防治计划的潜在组成部分。为进行生命周期研究,从实验田中收集了被感染的头状花序。并在实验室条件下从卵发育为成虫。结果表明,第一批成年猪于2009年4月中旬逐渐出现。雌性A.helianthi的产卵前期为5.8±1.0天,平均繁殖力为27±3.2个卵。卵单个地或以3-18簇生在头状花序的the片中。田间条件下的孵化期为3.8±0.6天,网箱条件下的孵化期为3.4±0.6天。发生了三个幼虫期,幼虫期为7-10天。男性比女性早出现,但是成年女性的寿命(12±3.0)显着大于男性(8±1.0)。汇总的男女抽样数据分析表明,性别比为1:1.28。为了评估不同方法控制红花果蝇的效率,进行了田间试验。评估了五种不同的方法,即杀虫剂,诱饵,文化,综合管理和未处理的方法,这些方法包括处理一千粒种子的重量,油的百分比,种子损害的百分比和收获/公顷。综合管理和杀虫剂控制显示了最佳结果,收获潜力为1850和1723 kg / ha,最小损害分别为5和8%。由于使用选择性杀虫剂是害虫处理的最重要方法之一,因此我们评估了六种杀虫剂对菊苣红花侵染的功效。在治疗中,以0.03%的硫丹35%EC证明更有效,其次是毒死and和Monochrotophos。

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