The non-uniform distribution load during machining and assembly process is crucial for spindle system, especially in complex working conditions. The conception of non-uniform preload adjustment approach was proposed and experimentally investigated in this article. Based on the mechanical equivalent principle, the non-uniform preload was theoretically transformed to the combination of uniform preload and an extra moment. Then, the non-uniform preload of rolling bearing was experimentally measured and analyzed via a spacer with 15-μm wear loss on the end face. The spindle performance factors, such as rotation accuracy, temperature rising, acceleration, and vibration, were all monitored. The rotation center of spindle was deviated in different non-uniform preload conditions. Meanwhile, the temperature and vibration performance of non-uniform preload are superior to those of uniform bearing preload.
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