A generic approach to model the kinematics and aerodynamics of flapping wing ornithopterhas been followed, to model and analyze a flapping bi- and quad-wing ornithopterand to mimic flapping wing biosystems to produce lift and thrust for hoveringand forward flight. Considerations are given to the motion of a rigid and thinbi-wing and quad-wing ornithopter in flapping and pitching motion with phase lag.Basic Unsteady Aerodynamic Approach incorporating salient features of viscous effectand leading-edge suction are utilized. Parametric study is carried out to revealthe aerodynamic characteristics of flapping bi- and quad-wing ornithopter flightcharacteristics and for comparative analysis with various selected simple models inthe literature, in an effort to develop a flapping bi- and quad-wing ornithopter models.In spite of their simplicity, results obtained for both models are able to reveal themechanism of lift and thrust, and compare well with other work.
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