Morphological characterization of the American oil palm collection Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés

摘要

59 accessions of the American oil palm, also known as Nolí palm, were characterized in the Research center El Mira of Corpoica -Colombia. Based on 13 qualitative descriptors, in order to identify genotypes with desired traits for use in the breeding program. The multiple correspondence analyses allowed to identify five factors which express 100 % of the collection variability. The affinity hierarchical classification identified four groups by descriptors action: form of reproduction, unripening fruit bunch color, ripening fruit bunch color, fiber percentage in the bunch and bunch exhibition percentage. 97.3 % of the palms, performs a prostrated stem, 100 % of total population, performs inserted leaflets in single plane. In the palm collection work, the color of unripe fruit bunch type green, represents the 4.5% of the population, 5.3% of the palms are prolific type and 6.4% performs a hermaphrodite flowering stage. No androgynous palm inflorescence were recorded. 87% of the palm collection have allowed to establish inflorescence with 25% of enclosure fibers, which represents 75% bunch exposure. These two traits, allows cross-pollination and valorization of E. oleífera genetic resources which will be essential for the development of American oil palm cultivation and plant breeding of the species.