Participatory Design in Large-Scale Public Projects: Challenges and Opportunities

摘要

In the years since methods for involving potential end-users as codesigners in systems development were first introduced in the 1970s and 1980s, Participatory Design has grown to become an established field of practice and research. Participatory methods and techniques currently are employed in a range of projects, spanning from software development to urban planning. However, Participatory Design approaches have primarily been used in projects that concern the development of individual systems, services, or products. In A Retrospective Look at PD Projects, Clement and van den Besselaar find that, with few exceptions, early Participatory Design projects "...were generally small-scale and isolated from other levels of the host and sponsoring organization."