認知・印刷・紙の諸科学からみた紙メディアの新たな可能性認知の個人差とメデイアの選択・受容の関係について

摘要

The twenty-sixth article of this series will focus on the individual differences in cognition as related to the human behavior of selection and acceptance of media. The overall contents are described in the following sequence. (1) Introduction Developmental psychology suggests the generation of individual differences throughout one's process of growth. Cultural environments are particularly significant in their processes. (2) Problems of individual differences in psychology In contemporary psychology, the differences in human characteristics are classified into individual differences and group differences. (3) Differential psychology targeting the individual differences Studies of individual differences gave birth to the differential psychology. This area aims to clarify the relationship between the two individuals and seeks to cause-effect relationship. (4) Culture and cultural differences generating individual differences Cultural differences are significant factors in forming acquired nature of human being. (5) Cultural concepts as related to the individual differences Brief explanations were given to the cultural psychology, differential psychology, culture relativism, and hierarchical nature of culture. (6) Individual differences in cognition The present status of studies and theories associated with individual differences. IQ(Intelligence Quotient) and EQ(Emotional Quotient) are typical quantitative indicators of individual differences. (7) Evolution & genetic processes and study & environmental processes Evolution & genetic processes are innate nature and study and environmental processes are acquired nature. (8) Brain mechanism in individual differences in cognition Interpretations for neural foundations of attention, memory, and language are given associated with individual differences. Generation of individual differences is not homogeneous in developmental processes. (9) Influences of individual differences in cognition on the selection & acceptance of media The influences of gender difference, cultural difference, and age difference were discussed associated with media selection & acceptance. (10) Epilogue As for human being, certain characteristics are universal independent of race, gender, age, and culture. However, the rest of characteristics are dependent on individual nature. Human developments are complicated processes and these processes generate individual unique cognitive characteristics, cognitive functions and cognitive styles. In predicting the future of media, considerations of individual differences in cognition will provide more reliable prediction.%前回はメディアの親和性を構成している人間側の要素を脳科学的な基盤を中心に論じた．人間の発達過程を考えた場合，人格または性格は生得的な部分と習得的な部分よりなり，人間の行動の様相はある環境におかれた人間の性格に依存して生まれるので，人格と環境の組合せは地球上の人間70億人においてすべて異なり，人間は多様な行動をとることになる．すなわち人間の個人差によりさまざまな行動がとられることになる．