In innovation-driven fields, firms are engaged in learning races. These contests proceed on parallel tracks, one involving learning from collaborations, the other concerns learning how to collaborate. Both contests require the devel- opment of skills to facilitate the transfer of information and knowledge and their- subsequent deployment in other situations. In some respects, the task of learn- ing from outside parties is more difficult. But perhaps because of the importance of the task and/or its considerable expense, organizations in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields are rapidly developing the capability to collaborate with a diverse array of partners to speed the timely development of new medi- cines.
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