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摘要

Electrification may help larger vehicles to become more efficient, but in smaller vehicles the costs are prohibitive. To bring emissions down in A- and B-segment vehicles, many firms are developing small displacement, direct-injection turbocharged three-cylinder gasoline engines, But even combustion engine technologies can mean that engines become less cost-effective on vehicles that have very tight margins. Toyota wants to achieve emissions targets without complex technologies, such as direct-injection and boosting. Its 1-litre three-cylinder gasoline engine is naturally aspirated and uses port-injection to bring carbon emissions down to 88g/km in the firm's Aygo city car, The Fiat 500's two-cylinder charged gasoline engine emits 90g/km.