Managerial Patterns in India and China: Changes in the Post-liberalization Era

摘要

Foreign trade and investment leads to significant technological and managerial upgrading in a nation. The exposure to international markets and foreign business practices enhance the competitive spirit of domestic enterprises and induce positive organizational changes. Besides increase in overall efficiency of firms and enterprises, there is also considerable impact on product quality, allocation of resources and innovative capacity. While countries all around the world have seen changes in management systems as a consequence of increased foreign trade, the experience of India and China as the two largest emerging economies is quite worthy of note. In line with the new economic environment and trade reform, both India and China have made fundamental changes in their managerial practices. There is a visible move towards a new global orientation and operational context. Four key dimensions have been particularly relevant in shaping the management practices in the two countries namely, culture, state policies, managerial education and competitiveness of firms resulting from liberalization of management practices. As in most comparative estimates, China has been very adroit and expeditious in imbibing and adopting the managerial know-how as compared to India. In terms of education and competitiveness, India has been holding some leeway over China but the pro-active and targeted policies by Chinese state are fast changing the situation.