Characterization of Cooking Effluent from Seven Commercial Kitchen Appliances and Representative Food Products

摘要

The main objective of this study was to characterize the grease emissions from seven common commercial kitchen cooking appliances and associated food products: (1) gas-fired conveyor broiler (hamburger), (2) gas/electric clamshell griddle (hamburger), (3) gas-fired conveyor pizza oven (thin crust pepperoni pizzas), (4) gas overfired broiler (beefsteak), (5) electric steamer (chicken breasts), (6) solid-fuel broiler fueled by mesquite charcoal (hamburger), and (7) a gas-fired Chinese wok cooking diced chicken breasts in peanut oil. Emission measurements were made in the center of the plume above each appliance at the lower entrance to an eight foot canopy exhaust hood and in the center of the horizontal exhaust duct approximately six feet downstream from the hood collar. No filters were used in the hood for these measurements. Paniculate mass concentration data were obtained from 0.5 to 15 μm with personal cascade impactors and number concentration data were obtained from 20 nm to 0.8 μm with scanning mobility particle sizers. Grease vapor results were obtained using an EPA method five stack gas sampler. Results indicate that the wok had the largest total grease mass emission in the plume, 247 lb (kg) /1000 lb (kg) food cooked, nearly a factor of two over the solid fuel broiler at 142 lb (kg)/ 1000 lb (kg) food cooked. The conveyor broiler had 50.2 lb (kg)/ 1000 lb (kg) food cooked, whereas the other appliances were less than 14. The total grease mass emissions measured in the exhaust duct were much less than the values in the plume, primarily because the plume emissions are often dominated by particles larger than 10 μm in size that rarely make it to the exhaust duct sampling location. The total grease muss emissions in the exhaust duct were dominated by grease vapor and ranged from 72.5 lbrn(kg)/1 000 lb (kg) food product for the solid fuel broiler to 2.64 lb (kg)/1000 lb (kg) food product for the conveyor pizza oven.