Biological Activities of Avicennia marina Roots and Leaves Regarding Their Chemical Constituents

摘要

Mangrove plants (focally, Avicennia marina) are resources rich in bioactive substances, and they are considered as promising agents in various biological activities. Phytochemical analyses of the roots and leaves of Avicennia marina collected from the coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, showed different proportions of various parameters which generally recorded higher values in root samples than those analyzed in leaf samples. The total phenolics in raw plant were 19.7% for roots and 9.5% for the leaf samples. In addition, the total flavonoids of roots and leaves samples in raw plant were rather closed to each other and appeared as 8.8% and 10.9%, respectively. In particular, the total phenolics and the total flavonoids in crude extracts of roots exhibited considerable higher values (394.8 and 175.9 mg/L, respectively) than that of leaves (190.8 and 21.7 mg/L, respectively). Both the root and leaves of A. marina showed promising antioxidant activity and thus are very promising agents. Additionally, the results revealed that both crude extracts had effective activities. The most affected bacterial pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae which was inhibited by leaves crud extract (24 mm), while Enterococcus faecalis was the lowest inhibited bacterium by the two crudes tested (12 mm). On the other hand, the GC–MS results of methanol extract from the roots and leaves of A. marina showed the presence of several bioactive components, with totally 28 and 26 major compounds, respectively, especially fatty acids and their derivatives, which are famous as antioxidant and antibacterial agents.