Tolerance and Resistance To Viruses and Their VecTors in Vitis sp.: A Virologist's Perspective of the Literature

摘要

Grapevines can be affected by many viruses and viral diseases. However, despite a long history of cultivation and breeding efforts, little useable resistance to viral diseases has been identified in Vitis species. As a result, management of viral diseases has largely relied upon prevention/exclusion or on the use of economically and/ or environmentally consequential methods to manage vector populations. Resistance to dagger nematode vectors has been identified and successfully transferred to rootstock genotypes that are commercially available, but these resistant materials do not prevent virus translocation into the scion, although a significant delay in infection can allow for suitable production. In this review, we critically evaluate the literature regarding resistance against viruses and vectors in Vitis and Muscadinia species. We examine the challenges of breeding grapevines for virus resistance and the methodologies used to test for resistance. The availability of useful sources of resistance and tolerance Toward both viruses and their vectors, or lack thereof, is evaluated and discussed in terms of disease management.