The wild vine (Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) in the riparian forests of Donau and March (Austria): evaluation of genetic divergence, presence of grape viruses, bacterials and soil-borne vectors.

摘要

In the riparian forests of the Austrian Donau (Danube) east of Vienna, 27 vines of Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris were discovered; another 32 were found near the Austrian border with Slovakia on the floodplains of the March. Male plants were slightly more common than female plants; only one hermaphrodite was found. The viruses grapevine leafroll associated virus I and strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV) were detected near Orth/Donau. This is the first time SLRV has been recorded as a pathogen of Vitis in Austria. Compared to the nearby vine-growing region, Camuntum, infestation with viruses was low. No viruses were observed at Marchegg. Agrobacterium vitis, the primary cause of crown gall, was not detected. The root parasitic longidorid nematodes, Longidorus attenuatus, L. elongatus, L. intermedius, L. juvenilis, L. macrosoma, L. poessneckensis, Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. histriae and X. pachtaicum were discovered in the rhizosphere of the wild vine. This is the first time X. histriae has been found since its original description. This study indicates that the grape vines found along the Donau near Orth are clearly genetically distinct from those of the March. There are two genetically and morphologically distinguishable groups of wild vines in the floodplains of the Donau. A close linkage to the economically useful Vitis vinifera cultivars was not observed, but there does not seem to be a principal barrier to the movement of alleles between V. vinifera and V. silvestris genotypes..