Diarrhea in Adults (Acute)

摘要

In persons from resource-poor countries, antisecretory agents (e.g., racecadotril) seem to be as effective at improving symptoms of diarrhea as antimotility agents (e.g., loperamide), but with fewer adverse effects. * Empiric treatment with antibiotics also seems to reduce the duration of diarrhea and improve symptoms in this population, although it can produce adverse effects, such as rash, myalgia, and nausea. * Instructing persons to refrain from consuming any solid food for 24 hours does not appear to be useful, although the evidence for this is sparse. * We do not know how effective oral rehydration solutions or antibiotics plus antimotility agents are in persons from resource-poor countries because we did not find any randomized controlled trials. Antisecretory agents, antibiotics, and antimotility agents also appear to be effective in treating persons from resource-rich countries who are traveling to resource-poor countries. * We do not know whether antibiotics plus antimotility agents are more effective than either treatment alone or placebo. * Bismuth subsalicylate is effective in treating traveler's diarrhea, but less so than loperamide, and with more adverse effects (primarily black tongue and black stools). * We do not know the effectiveness of oral rehydration solutions or diet restriction in reducing symptoms of diarrhea in persons traveling to resource-poor countries.