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DICE: Monitoring Global Invariants with Wireless Sensor Networks

机译:DICE:使用无线传感器网络监视全局不变量

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable decentralized architectures to monitor the behavior of physical processes and to detect deviations from a specified "safe" behavior, for example, to check the operation of control loops. Such correct behavior is typically expressed by global invariants over the state of different sensors or actuators. Nevertheless, to leverage the computing capabilities of WSN nodes, the application intelligence needs to reside inside the network. The task of ensuring that the monitored processes behave safely thus becomes inherently distributed, and hence more complex. In this article we present DICE, a system enabling WSN-based distributed monitoring of global invariants. A DICE invariant is expressed by predicates defined over the state of multiple WSN nodes, such as the expected state of actuators based on given sensed environmental conditions. Our modular design allows two alternative protocols for detecting invariant violations: both perform in-network aggregation but with different degrees of decentralization, therefore supporting scenarios with different network and data dynamics. We characterize and compare the two protocols using large-scale simulations and a real-world testbed. Our results indicate that invariant violations are detected in a timely and energy-efficient manner. For instance, in a 225-node 15-hop network, invariant violations are detected in less than a second and with only a few packets sent by each node.
机译:无线传感器网络(WSN)使分散式架构能够监视物理过程的行为并检测与指定“安全”行为的偏差,例如,检查控制回路的运行情况。这种正确的行为通常由不同传感器或执行器状态的全局不变量表示。然而,为了利用WSN节点的计算功能,应用程序智能需要驻留在网络内部。因此,确保被监视的过程安全运行的任务就变得固有地分散了,因此变得更加复杂。在本文中,我们介绍DICE,该系统支持基于WSN的全局不变量分布式监视。 DICE不变性由在多个WSN节点的状态上定义的谓词表示,例如基于给定感测到的环境条件的执行器的预期状态。我们的模块化设计允许使用两种替代协议来检测不变性违规:两者均执行网络内聚合,但分散程度不同,因此支持具有不同网络和数据动态的方案。我们使用大规模仿真和实际测试平台来表征和比较这两种协议。我们的结果表明,及时且高效地检测出不变违规。例如,在225个节点的15跳网络中,在不到一秒钟的时间内检测到不变违规,并且每个节点仅发送了几个数据包。

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