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Passive Detection of Biological Aerosols in the Atmosphere with a Fourier Transform Instrument (FTIR)—the Results of the Measurements in the Laboratory and in the Field

机译:用傅立叶变换仪(FTIR)被动检测大气中的生物气溶胶-实验室和现场测量的结果

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摘要

Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods for the detection of gaseous constituents, aerosols, and dust in planetary atmospheres. Infrared spectroscopy plays an important role in searching for biomarkers, organics and biological substances in the Universe. The possibility of detection and identifications with FTIR spectrometer of bio-aerosol spores (Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii=BG) in the atmosphere is discussed in this paper. We describe the results of initial spectral measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field. The purpose of these experiments was to detect and to identify bio-aerosol spores in two conditions: 1) In a closed chamber where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was large, and 2) In open air where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was small. The extinction spectrum of BG spores was deduced by comparing our measurements with models, and other measurements known from the literature. Our theoretical and experimental studies indicate that, during passive remote sensing measurements, it is difficult—but possible to detect and to identify bio-aerosol clouds by their spectral signatures. The simple spectral analysis described in the paper can be useful for the detection of various kinds of trace aerosols—not only in the Earth’s atmosphere, but also during planetary missions in the environments of other astronomical objects such as planets, comets etc. We expect that the interpretation of data from spectrometric sounding of Venus and Mars during the current missions Mars and Venus Express, and later during the Rosetta mission will benefit from our experimental work and numerical modelling.
机译:傅立叶变换红外辐射(FTIR)光谱是检测行星大气中气态成分,气溶胶和尘埃的最强大方法之一。红外光谱在寻找宇宙中的生物标志物,有机物和生物物质方面发挥着重要作用。本文讨论了用FTIR光谱仪在大气中检测和鉴定生物气溶胶孢子(Atrophaeus var。globigii = BG)的可能性。我们描述了在实验室和现场进行的初始光谱测量的结果。这些实验的目的是在两种情况下检测和识别生物气溶胶孢子:1)在封闭室内,背景与气溶胶之间的热反差较大; 2)在露天环境中,背景与气溶胶之间的热反差气溶胶很小。通过将我们的测量值与模型以及文献中已知的其他测量值进行比较,可以得出BG孢子的消光光谱。我们的理论和实验研究表明,在被动遥感测量期间,这很困难,但可以通过光谱特征检测和识别生物气溶胶云。本文中描述的简单光谱分析可用于检测各种微量气溶胶-不仅在地球大气中,而且在行星,彗星等其他天文物体环境中的行星飞行任务中。在当前的“火星”和“金星快车”任务以及随后的“罗塞塔”任务中,金星和火星光谱探测数据的解释将受益于我们的实验工作和数值建模。

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