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  • NLM标题： Parasite Epidemiol Control
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  • 1.

    【2hr】High effectiveness of an adulticide-larvicide formulation for field control of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the city of Clorinda, Argentina

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    机译 在阿根廷克洛琳达市，一种有效的杀虫剂-杀幼虫剂制剂可有效控制沙蝇（双翅目：Psychodidae）
    摘要：In Argentina, Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) is the etiologic agent of human visceral leishmaniosis (HVL), and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) is the main vector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effect of two commercial insecticide formulations, one with permethrin and pyriproxyfen as active ingredients (Dragon Max®) and the other with only permethrin (Flop®) for the control of sandflies. Both formulations were applied in chicken coops and other surroundings structures of the peridomicile of urban houses in Clorinda, Formosa (Argentina). Entomological monitoring was carried out weekly for 44 weeks after the intervention. The results showed great effectiveness and residual effect up to 21 weeks post-intervention for Dragon Max®. This result could be explained by the excellent larvicidal activity of the Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen against the immature forms of phlebotomines and by the delay on the restoration of the natural threshold of the vector population in treated sites.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: A systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran

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    机译 牲畜Linguatula serrata感染状况：伊朗荟萃分析的系统评价
    摘要：ObjectivesThe present systematic review attempted to determine the prevalence of Linguatula serrata (L. serrata) infection among Iranian livestock. The L. serrata known as tongue worm belongs to the phylum pentastomida and lives in upper respiratory system and nasal airways of carnivores. Herbivores and other ruminants are intermediate hosts.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Reduced prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and high frequency of protozoan infections in the surrounding urban area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

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    机译 在巴西巴拉那州库里提巴附近市区，减少了土壤传播的蠕虫的流行，并增加了原生动物感染的频率
    摘要：Human populations living in the surrounding urban areas of large Brazilian cities have increased vulnerability to intestinal parasites. However, the epidemiological scenario of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in Curitiba, Paraná’s main city, remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap of knowledge, this study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to investigate potential transmission pathways of the most prevalent species detected. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study between July and September 2014 among schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban (deprived) areas of the municipality of Campo do Tenente, Curitiba. A total of 549 stool samples were used for coproparasitological diagnosis. Microscopy-positive samples of the most common species found were re-assessed by PCR and sequencing methods at the small subunit rRNA gene. Prevalence of infection by any given enteroparasite was 24.8%, but soil-transmitted helminths were only detected in 3.5% of the examined samples. Frequency of protozoan infections reached 90% and 97.8% in single and multiple infections, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (38.9%) was the most frequently species found in the surveyed schoolchildren population. A total of 41 Blastocystis-positive samples were unambiguously typed as ST1 (36.4%), ST2 (21.2%), ST3 (39.4%), and ST1 + ST3 mixed infection (3.0%). These results indicate that Blastocystis transmission is primarily anthroponotic in origin. This data highlights the importance of maintaining the anthelminthic control programs currently in place and of improving sanitary disposal of human excreta in poor-resource settings.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil, 2006 - Revisited

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    机译 2006年巴西弓形虫病暴发-再访
    摘要：Waterborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis can have great magnitude due to the number of persons infected while smaller-scale outbreaks are also possible. This is a study based on a historical database investigating a toxoplasmosis outbreak occurred in 2006 in a residential community in São Luís, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Ninety of the 110 residents, employees and domestic helping persons had blood samples collected and tested. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was established by quantification of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme immunoassay. The subjects were classified as past infection, acute/recent infection or seronegatives. The definition of acute infection was based on the presence of indicative symptoms and immunoglobulin M positivity. There were 33 cases of acute infection. The outbreak was concluded to be waterborne: consumption of faucet-mount filtered water was indicated as risk factor. We discuss the challenges of investigating waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Exposure of dogs to Rickettsia spp. in Costa Rica: Risk factors for PCR-positive ectoparasites and seropositivity

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    机译 狗接触立克次体。哥斯达黎加：PCR阳性外寄生虫和血清阳性的危险因素
    摘要：Infection of dogs with Rickettsia spp. can result in inapparent, mild, or severe disease. Moreover, common dog ticks and fleas are able to transmit rickettsiae to nearby humans. In this study, the seroprevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was determined in dogs of Costa Rica, as well as possible risk factors associated with exposure. An interview of owners and clinical examinations were performed in a country-wide sample of 441 dogs. IgG antibodies were determined in 399 dogs by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using antigens of Rickettsia rickettsii, R. amblyommatis, and R. felis. The presence of Rickettsia spp. gltA gene was evaluated by PCR in ticks and fleas. Poisson regression was performed to assess possible risk factors associated with seropositivity, as well as with having PCR-positive ticks and fleas. The overall seroprevalence to SFG rickettsiae was 10.0% (end titers 64 to 256). Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (116/441; 26.3%) and Ctenocephalides felis (153/441; 34.7%) were the most common ectoparasites. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 30% (39/130) and 32.3% (56/173) of tick and flea pools, respectively. Seropositivity was significantly associated with mean age of 2 to 7 years, scrotal edema, walking problems, large size, and tick and flea infestation. Being a purebred dog was a possible protective factor. The presence of Rickettsia PCR-positive ticks was associated with being a purebred dog, while flea treatment was protective. Having PCR-positive fleas was associated with being purebred and the number of people in the dog's environment; protective factors were free roaming and being an outdoor dog. Results confirm that dogs in Costa Rica are exposed to different species of SFG rickettsiae. This may represent a risk to human health and underscores the need for accurate diagnosis in dogs and humans. Surveillance of rickettsial infection in canines may provide useful indicators to understand the epidemiology of these zoonoses.
  • 6.

    【2hr】The effects and contribution of childhood diseases on the geographical distribution of all-cause under-five mortality in Uganda

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    机译 儿童疾病对乌干达五岁以下儿童全因死亡的地理分布的影响和贡献
    摘要：IntroductionInformation on the causes of death among under-five children is key in designing and implementation of appropriate interventions. In Uganda, civil death registration is incomplete which limits the estimation of disease-related mortality burden especially at a local scale. In the absence of routine cause-specific data, we used household surveys to quantify the effects and contribution of main childhood diseases such as malaria, severe or moderate anaemia, severe or moderate malnutrition, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) on all-cause under-five mortality (U5M) at national and sub-national levels. We related all-cause U5M with risks of childhood diseases after adjusting for geographical disparities in coverages of health interventions, socio-economic, environmental factors and disease co-endemicities.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Studies on the prevalence of fascioliasis among ruminant animals in northern Bauchi state, north-eastern Nigeria

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    机译 尼日利亚东北部包奇州北部反刍动物中筋膜剥落的患病率研究
    摘要：A study of prevalence of ruminant fascioliasis was undertaken from May 2017 to April 2018. A set of 7640 stool and 7640 bile samples were collected from slaughtered cattles, sheeps and goats in seven local abattoirs located within the seven Local Government Areas making up northern Bauchi state. The Sample collection was demarcated into four sections of three months each corresponding into four local seasons. 1910 samples were collected from the beginning to the end of each of the four local seasons. Direct postmortem investigation to detect adult Fasciola spp. was employed. Stool samples were analyzed using formol-etha concentration technique. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was conducted to examine the prevalence of fascioliasis in six communities of northern Bauchi state. The prevalence of infection was statistically different on different localities. The highest infection rates from the seven sampling sites was Jama'are (48.5%) followed by Zaki (46.9%) p = 0.05. Specie specific prevalence of fascioliasis between the host species was statistically different. Cattles were more infected than sheep and goat. Prevalence of fascioliasis on gender was statistically different, with bulls showing a higher prevalence rate and female sheep and goat recorded higher prevalence. Prevalence of fascioliasis based on estimated ages of animals sampled was statistically significant, animals above 5 years had higher prevalence of 64.5% followed by animals below the age of 1 with 41.3% (p = 0.05). Prevalence of fascioliasis among sampled ruminants based on seasonal variations was statistically significant. Higher prevalence percentages were observed during the early and late rainy season (47.2% and 58.4%) compared to early and late dry seasons (36.2% and 20.1%) p = 0.05. The study, therefore, recommends regular meat inspection alongside public awareness campaigns.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Zoonotic metacestodes and associated financial loss from cattle slaughtered at Yabello municipal abattoir, Borana-Oromia, Ethiopia

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    机译 埃塞俄比亚博拉纳-奥罗米亚Yabello市屠宰场宰杀的牛造成人畜共患病和相关经济损失
    摘要：Cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and estimate financial losses associated with zoonotic metacestodes in cattle originated from Borana Pastoral Farming System and slaughtered at Yabello Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia. A total of 384 cattle were randomly selected at the abattoir. Detailed postmortem examination, cyst count and fertile test were conducted. Significantly higher prevalence of Cystic echinococcosis (CE) (33.3%) with 5.3 times (OR 95% 3.5–8.1) than Cysticercus bovis (8.6%) was observed. Significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence of both CE and C. bovis were observed among the animal body condition, but not in other factors of the study. From total examined animals, 32.8%, 8.1% and 0.5% were infected by CE only, C. bovis only and both as concurrent infections, respectively. Significantly higher CE (p < 0.05) than C. bovis were observed within studied categories of risk factors. Tissue level cyst prevalence of 83.1% CE and 26.6% C. bovis were observed. High CE counts on the lungs (42.7%), liver (32.8%) and kidney (5.2%) but high C. bovis count in triceps muscle and masseter muscles (7.3% each) and heart (3.64%) were observed. Concurrent infections were observed in heart and liver. Out of the 347 counted CE cysts, fertile and viable were 34.0% and 23.1%, respectively. Of the counted C. bovis, 30.4% were both fertile and viable. A total of 301,139.6ETB (11,155.52USD) annual financial losses were calculated during the study period. The Borana Pastoral Farming System characterized by seasonal animal movement needs awareness creation on the elders and leaders regarding parasitic epidemiology and control strategies.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Serological study on toxoplasmosis in the Haliti-Paresí community of the Utiariti indigenous territory, Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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    机译 Utiariti土著领土Halo-Paresí社区弓形虫病的血清学研究，巴西马托格罗索州Campo Novo do Parecis
    摘要：Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, a widespread zoonosis that affects several homeothermic animals, including humans. This disease causes serious health problems, such that 10% of infected individuals develop clinical manifestations. Some studies on indigenous human populations have indicated variations in seroprevalence from 10.6% to 80.4% in such populations in different regions of Brazil and in other countries like Venezuela and Malaysia. To date, there have been no studies regarding the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in Haliti-Paresí Indians living in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Our objective here was to determine the frequency of occurrence of antibodies against this protozoon in nine Haliti-Paresí villages by correlating seroprevalence with locations and variables. Serodiagnoses were made using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases of IOC/Fiocruz. It was considered that samples tested positive for T. gondii infection if IgG/IgM antibodies against this protozoon were detected through serodiagnosis using either IFAT or ELISA. Among the 293 samples analyzed, 66.9% presented anti-T. gondii IgG and 3.4% presented anti-T. gondii IgM. It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in frequency of antibody occurrence among infected individuals, based on sex, schooling or occupation/activities. However, there were statistical differences based on age and villages. The prevalence observed in this study is in agreement with values found in other studies on indigenous populations in Latin America. Like among other such populations, the Haliti-Paresí villages are located close to forests and the individuals have domestic cats as pets, are involved in hunting and farming and consume water directly from water accumulation sources. These factors might cause exposure to T. gondii tissue cysts and oocysts.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Knowledge and attitudes of Tunisian dog owners regarding leishmaniasis

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    机译 突尼斯犬主关于利什曼病的知识和态度
    摘要：BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease of major public health concern in several countries in the world. The local population awareness would improve prevention, early detection and treatment of both human and animal leishmaniasis.
  • 11.

    【2hr】The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran: A cross-sectional study of 8-years

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    机译 伊朗Golestan省皮肤利什曼病的流行病学：一项为期8年的横断面研究
    摘要：BackgroundLeishmaniasis occurs with an incidence of 0.5–1.5 million new cases annually, and is also endemic in 88 countries across the world.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs, sheep, cattle, wild boars, and moose in the Nordic-Baltic region: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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    机译 北欧-波罗的海地区弓形虫在家猪，绵羊，牛，野猪和驼鹿中的血清阳性率：系统评价和荟萃分析
    摘要：BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is an important foodborne zoonotic parasite. Meat of infected animals is presumed to constitute a major source of human infection and may be a driver of geographical variation in the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in humans, which is substantial in the Nordic-Baltic region in northern Europe. However, data on seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species used for human consumption are scattered.
  • 13.

    【2hr】SMIM1 at a glance; discovery, genetic basis, recent progress and perspectives

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    机译 SMIM1一目了然；发现，遗传基础，最新进展和观点
    摘要：Recent elucidation of the genetic basis of the Vel blood group system has offered the field of blood transfusion medicine an additional consideration in determining the causes of hemolytic reactions after a patient is transfused. The identification of the SMIM1 gene to be responsible for the Vel blood group allows molecular based tools to be developed to further dissect the function of this antigen. Genetic signatures such as the homozygous 17 bp deletion and the heterozygous 17 bp deletion in combination with other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion sequences regulate the expression level of the gene. With this knowledge, it is now possible to study this antigen in-depth.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Use of Anopheles salivary biomarker to assess seasonal variation of human exposure to Anopheles bites in children living near rubber and oil palm cultivations in Côte d'Ivoire

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    机译 在科特迪瓦橡胶和油棕种植地附近生活的儿童中，使用按蚊唾液生物标志物评估人类接触按蚊叮咬的季节变化
    摘要：Environmental changes related to agricultural practices and activities can impact malaria transmission. In the objective to evaluate this impact on the human-vector contact, the level of human exposure to Anopheles vector bites was assess by an immuno-epidemiological indicator based on the assessment of the human IgG antibody response to the Anopheles gambiae gSG6-P1 salivary peptide, previously validated as a pertinent biomarker.Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the dry and rainy season in three villages with intensive agricultural plantations (N'Zikro with rubber cultivation, Ehania-V5 and Ehania-V1 with palm oil exploitation) and in a control village without plantations (Ayébo). Overall, 775 blood samples were collected in filter papers from children aged 1 to 14 years-old for immunological analysis by ELISA. The IgG levels to the gSG6-P1 salivary peptide significantly differed between studied villages both in the dry and the rainy seasons (P < 0.0001) and were higher in agricultural villages compared to the control area. In particular, the level of specific IgG in Ehania-V5, located in the heart of palm oil plantations, was higher compared to other agricultural villages. Interestingly, the level of specific IgG levels classically increased between the dry and the rainy season in the control village (P < 0.0001) whereas it remained high in the dry season as observed in the rainy season in agricultural villages.The present study indicated that rubber and oil palm plantations could maintain a high level of human exposure to Anopheles bites during both the dry and rainy seasons. These agricultural activities could therefore represent a permanent factor of malaria transmission risk.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Target Product Profile for a point-of-care diagnostic test for dermal leishmaniases

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    机译 用于皮肤利什曼病的即时诊断测试的目标产品简介
    摘要：ObjectivesLocalized cutaneous leishmaniasis and its evolving forms diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis recidivans, together with the visceral leishmaniasis sequelae post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis account for about one million dermal leishmaniases cases per year worldwide. Although not lethal, the dermal leishmaniases cause chronic and disfiguring skin lesions, which are an important cause of morbidity and stigma.Microscopy remains the reference test for diagnosis of dermal leishmaniasis; however, it has low and variable sensitivity and requires well trained personnel. The technical complexity and cost of the more sensitive molecular techniques (e.g. PCR) limits their application in routine diagnosis in endemic areas. Point-of-care (POC) tests for early diagnosis are much needed in order to benefit both patients and communities, by reducing the risk of both sequelae and Leishmania transmission. To this end we developed a Target Product Profile (TPP) for a POC test for dermal leishmaniases.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in a high-risk area (Al-Mafraq Governorate) in Jordan, using indirect hemagglutination test

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    机译 间接血凝试验在约旦高风险地区（Al-Mafraq省）的囊性棘球co虫病的血清阳性率
    摘要：Hydatid disease (HD) is a zoonotic disease of humans and animals which is caused by infection with the larval stages of the taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. HD is endemic in many countries of the Middle East, including Jordan. The seroprevalence rate of HD in areas of elevated risk in Jordan has not previously been investigated using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) testing. In the present study, 512 blood samples were collected from recruited outpatients from an internal medicine clinic in Al-Mafraq Governmental Hospital in Jordan. Each participant signed a consent form and completed a questionnaire. The presence of antibodies specific for E. granulosus antigens was detected using an IHA test. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software using the Chi-square test. In all, 4.1% of the study participants were seropositive for E. granulosus IgG antibodies. There was a significant correlation between unexplained weight loss among seropositive patients (P = 0.018). Seropositivity was significantly higher in patients who slaughtered sheep inside their houses (P = 0.023). HD seroprevalence did not correlate with gender (P = 0.433), age (P = 0.880), residency status (P = 0.938), or educational level (P = 0.808). The vast majority (75.2%) of participants reported no prior knowledge about HD, and 99.8% were not aware about the etiology of the disease.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Prevalence and monetary loss due to cystic Echinococcosis in slaughter house livestock: A case study of Migori County, Kenya

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    机译 屠宰场家畜中的囊性棘球osis虫病的患病率和金钱损失：以肯尼亚米戈里县为例
    摘要：Cystic Echinococcosis (CE/Hydatidosis) is a parasitic zoonosis of public health importance that causes considerable economic loss worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and monetary loss of CE in livestock slaughtered in Migori County, Kenya. The study was conducted by retrieving and analyzing secondary data over a ten year period (2007–2016) from annual meat inspection reports from sub-county veterinary offices within Migori County. The data included species/number of slaughtered animals and number of organs condemned due to presence of hydatid cyst(s) recorded. The results showed CE prevalence was highest in cattle (5.3%) followed by goats (2.0%), least affected were sheep (0.1%). The overall direct monetary loss was $152,003/year. The study results confirm occurrence of CE in Migori County and demonstrate an emerging new CE focus in Kenya with a significant direct monetary loss, a phenomenon that require serious attention to control the spread of CE in Kenya.
  • 18.

    【2hr】A mathematical model for evaluating the role of trypanocide treatment of cattle in the epidemiology and control of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense sleeping sickness in Uganda

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    机译 评估锥虫病治疗牛在布氏锥虫和罗氏锥虫的流行病学和控制中的作用的数学模型。乌干达甘比恩斯昏睡病
    摘要：BackgroundHuman and animal African trypanosomiases impose a large economic and health burden in their endemic regions. Large strides have been made in the control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), yet these efforts have largely focused on the non-zoonotic form of the disease. Using a mathematical model with a 10 year time horizon, we demonstrate the role of the cattle treatment with trypanocides in the epidemiology of zoonotic and non-zoonotic HAT in Uganda, and its potential implications on elimination and eradication of the disease.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Editorial

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    机译 社论
    • 作者：Jong-Yil Chai
    • 刊名：Parasite Epidemiology and Control
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：
  • 20.

    【2hr】A focus on improving molecular diagnostic approaches to malaria control and elimination in low transmission settings: Review

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    机译 重点关注改善低传播环境中控制和消除疟疾的分子诊断方法：综述
    • 作者：Mebrahtu Tedla
    • 刊名：Parasite Epidemiology and Control
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：The malaria elimination goal is back to the global agenda. Understanding its epidemiology in low transmission settings is crucial to design reliable strategies to detect a large reservoir of individuals infected with sub-microscopic (and often asymptomatic) infections characterized by low-parasite densities and gametocyte carriage. Traditional diagnostic methods such a light microscopy is widely used mainly in developing countries and as a result, the true picture of malaria epidemiology is misrepresented. In the last few decades, the advancement of molecular diagnostic tools significantly improved our understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases. However, the detection capacity of different molecular assays is determined by different factors such as the sensitivity of the assay and the transmission and infection dynamics of the disease particularly when there is low parasitic density in reservoir hosts. Hence, in this review, the epidemiology of malaria in low transmission settings and the priority in addressing the malaria control and elimination goals are highlighted.
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