Immunogenic cell death (ICD) involves the release of ATP, which can be destroyed by ectonucleotidases, converting it into immunosuppressive adenosine. Hence, inhibition of such ectonucleotidases is a strategy for enhancing ICD-elicited anticancer immunity. In a recent paper in Science Translational Medicine, Mao et al. report the construction of reactive oxygen-labile nanoparticles that bear two functionalities, namely (i) the capacity to sensitize cancer cells to near-infrared light (NIL) irradiation, hence inducing ICD in the context of photodynamic therapy, and (ii) the peculiarity to respond to NIL by releasing a pharmacological inhibitor of ectonucleotidases, hence enhancing intratumoral concentrations of ATP. In preclinical models, these nanoparticles are highly efficient in inducing anticancer immune responses.
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机译：免疫原性细胞死亡 （ICD） 涉及 ATP 的释放，ATP 可被外核苷酸酶破坏，将其转化为免疫抑制性腺苷。因此，抑制这种外核苷酸酶是增强 ICD 引发的抗癌免疫的策略。在最近发表在《科学转化医学》上的一篇论文中，毛 et al. 报告了活性氧不稳定纳米颗粒的构建，这些纳米颗粒具有两种功能，即 （i） 使癌细胞对近红外光 （NIL） 照射敏感的能力，从而在光动力疗法的背景下诱导 ICD，以及 （ii） 通过释放外核苷酸酶的药理学抑制剂对 NIL 做出反应的特殊性， 从而提高 ATP 的瘤内浓度。在临床前模型中，这些纳米颗粒在诱导抗癌免疫反应方面非常有效。
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