Pediatric osteoporosis (PO) is a condition that is currently gaining recognition. Due to the lack of official definitions over the past few decades, the exact incidence of PO is unknown. The research does not provide a specific prevalence of PO in different world regions. However, this is expected to change with the latest 2019 guidelines proposed by the International Society of Clinical Densitometry. Although adult osteoporosis (AO) has been postulated a pediatric disease because its manifestation in adulthood is a result of the bone mass acquired during childhood, differences between PO and AO should be acknowledged. AO is defined as low bone density; however, PO is diagnosed based on existing evidence of bone fragility (vertebral fractures, pathological fractures). This is particularly relevant because unlike in adults, evidence is lacking regarding the association between low bone density and fracture risk in children. The enhanced capacity of pediatric bone for reshaping and remodeling after fracture is another difference between the two entities. This contrast has therapeutic implications because medication-free bone reconstitution is possible under certain conditions; thus, background therapy is not always recommended. In this narrative review, differences between PO and AO in definition, assessment, and medical approach were investigated.
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机译：小儿骨质疏松症 （PO） 是目前一种正在获得认可的疾病。由于过去几十年缺乏官方定义，PO 的确切发病率尚不清楚。该研究没有提供世界不同地区 PO 的具体患病率。然而，随着国际临床密度测定学会 （International Society of Clinical Densitometry） 提出的 2019 年最新指南，预计这种情况将发生变化。尽管成人骨质疏松症 （AO） 被假定为儿科疾病，因为它在成年期的表现是儿童期获得骨量的结果，但应承认 PO 和 AO 之间的差异。AO 定义为低骨密度;然而，PO 的诊断是基于现有的骨脆性证据（椎骨骨折、病理性骨折）。这一点尤其重要，因为与成人不同，缺乏关于儿童低骨密度与骨折风险之间关联的证据。骨折后小儿骨重塑和重塑能力的增强是这两个实体之间的另一个区别。这种对比具有治疗意义，因为在某些情况下可以进行无药物的骨重建;因此，并不总是推荐背景治疗。在本叙述性综述中，调查了 PO 和 AO 在定义、评估和医学方法方面的差异。
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