Systematic Review of Postfertilization Effects and Potential for Embryo Formation and Loss during the Use of Intrauterine Devices

摘要

This review sought to evaluate the evidence for embryo formation during intrauterine device (IUD) use, to articulate how often embryo loss occurs in well-designed studies, and to comment on other bodies of literature suggestive of postfertilization mechanisms of action of IUDs.