Leishmaniasis is a vector-born disease, caused by Leishmania genus protozoan parasites. Inoculation by infected Phlebotamine sandflies results in asymptomatic infection or a diverse range of clinical manifestations. Leishmaniasis can present with tegumentary lesions or visceral disease with parasite dissemination and high mortality [1]. The spectrum of tegumentary disease includes simple-cutaneous, diffuse, disseminated and mucocutaneous lesions. Around 20 of more than 50 described Leishmania species cause this spectrum of human disease [2]. However, the link between parasite diversity and disease outcome remains incompletely understood because of host and environmental modifiers influencing evolutionary fitness.
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