Human organoid biofilm model for assessing antibiofilm activity of novel agents

摘要

a Control skin and skin infected with one million MRSA (USA300-LAC) or PAO1 cells were visualized with H&E staining 24 h after seeding. Cross-sections of skin layers corresponding to the stratum corneum (SC), stratum granulosum (SG), stratum spinosum (SS), stratum basale (SB) were readily visible. MRSA and PAO1 biofilm on skin are indicated with arrows. b Control skin and 1-day MRSA-lux (MRSA SAP149) or PAO1-lux biofilm surface structures were imaged by SEM. Arrows indicate filamentous material resembling extracellular matrix interconnecting the MRSA and PAO1 biofilm. c Control skin or skin spotted with fluorescently tagged MRSA-FarRed or PAO1-mCherry was stained with CellMaskTM Green Plasma Membrane Stain and visualized using confocal microscopy 24 h after infection. Arrows indicate MRSA-FarRed bacteria clusters penetrated underneath the surface of SC. Each of the bottom images in (c) is a zoomed-in region of the orthographic projection shown above.