Addressing barriers to primary health-care services for noncommunicable diseases in the African Region

摘要

The World Health Organization (WHO) Package of essential noncommunicable disease interventions (known as WHO PEN) was designed for the prevention, early detection, treatment and care of diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors. The package is a well-established, cost-effective and action-oriented strategy and the recommended interventions can be considered first-line options for improving the integration of management of noncommunicable diseases into primary health care.1