A new technical approach for preparing frozen biological samples for electron microscopy

摘要

Sample temperatures during controlled freezing prior to HPF. Temperature of (1) and (2) during linear cooling (− 2 °Cˑh ) and subsequent preparation of the supercooled (unfrozen) algae at − 2 °C followed by inductance of ice formation (not shown). (3) Leaf temperature of . During linear cooling (− 3 °Cˑh ) a clearly visible freezing exotherm, indicating extracellular freezing of the leaf mesophyll, occurred at -3.2 °C (horizontal arrow). (4) Temperature of sp. during linear cooling to − 2 °C (dotted). (5) Leaf temperature of needles during freezing to − 6 °C (Arrow: freezing exotherm; asterisk: transient temperature deviations caused by technical reasons