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Kinetics and morphological characteristics of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) under the influence of maleic acid

机译:马来酸作用下鸟粪石(MgNH4PO4.6H2O)的动力学和形态特征

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This work reports a stirred-batch lab crystallization to examine the influence of maleic acid (HO CCHCHCO H), and temperatures (30 and 40 °C) on crystallization kinetics and morphology of struvite. The crystallization was followed by measuring the pH change up to 70 min. The pH decreased drastically for the first 5 min of the run, then started to tail off. It was found that the crystallization rate constants range from 1.608 to 6.534 per hour, which agrees with the most published value. Higher maleic acid concentrations resulted in greater growth retardation; the highest retardation was 74.21%, which was achieved for 30 °C with 20.00 ppm maleic acid. SEM imaging of the obtained precipitates showed irregular prismatic morphology, and the associated EDX confirmed that the precipitates were struvite (MgNH PO ⋅6H O). As checked through XRD, the crystalline nature of the struvite was further confirmed, and that co-precipitation of struvite with struvite-K was observed. The co-precipitation was the result of K adsorption onto the crystal surface. Temperatures had less influence on struvite crystallization. At 40 C and 20.00 ppm the rate constant was 1.332 per hour; whereas at 30 C and 0.00 ppm) the corresponding was 1.776 per hour, indicating the retardation of about 25%. Thus, the temperature effect is only 1/3 of the maleic acid effect. The current findings suggest that the presence of maleic acid can be used to elucidate the mechanism of crystallization as well as the crystalline phase transformation of struvite. In practical terms, maleic acid could be potential as a scale inhibitor.
机译:这项工作报告了搅拌式分批实验室结晶,以研究马来酸(HO CCHCHCO H)和温度(30和40°C)对鸟粪石结晶动力学和形态的影响。结晶后测量直至70分钟的pH值变化。在运行的前5分钟内,pH值急剧下降,然后开始下降。发现结晶速率常数为每小时1.608至6.534,这与最公开的值一致。更高的马来酸浓度导致更大的生长迟缓;最高延迟为74.21%,这是在30°C下使用20.00 ppm马来酸实现的。所得沉淀的SEM图像显示不规则的棱柱形,相关的EDX证实沉淀为鸟粪石(MgNH PO⋅6HO)。如通过XRD检查的,进一步确认了鸟粪石的结晶性质,并且观察到鸟粪石与鸟粪石-K共沉淀。共沉淀是钾吸附在晶体表面上的结果。温度对鸟粪石结晶的影响较小。在40℃和20.00ppm下,速率常数为每小时1.332。而在30°C和0.00 ppm时,相应的速度为每小时1.776,表明延迟约为25%。因此,温度效应仅为马来酸效应的1/3。目前的发现表明,马来酸的存在可用于阐明鸟粪石的结晶机理和结晶相转变。实际上,马来酸有可能作为阻垢剂。

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