Infants must develop both flexibility and constraint in their interpretation of acceptable word forms. The current experiments examined the development of infants’ lexical interpretation of non-native variations in pitch contour. Fourteen, 17-, and 19-month-olds (Experiments 1 and 2, N = 72) heard labels for two novel objects; labels contained the same syllable produced with distinct pitch contours (Mandarin lexical tones). The youngest infants learned the label-object mappings, but the older groups did not, despite being able to discriminate pitch differences in an object-free task (Experiment 3, N = 14). Results indicate that 14-month-olds remain flexible regarding what sounds make meaningful distinctions between words. By 17–19 months, experience with a non-tonal native language constrains infants’ interpretation of lexical tone.
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