Usefulness of Cardiac MIBG Scintigraphy Olfactory Testing and Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity as Additional Diagnostic Markers for Distinguishing between Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

摘要

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the utility of the combined use of cardiac ¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, olfactory testing, and substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity on transcranial sonography (TCS) in differentiating Parkinson’s disease (PD) from atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APSs), such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).