PREDICTORS OF RETURNS TO WORK FOLLOWING RETIREMENT IN GERMANY RUSSIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

摘要

Individuals may return to paid work following retirement, a phenomenon described as “unretirement”. By following recent retirees over time in Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom (UK), we examined whether unretirement is more common for people facing financial hardship. Data are drawn from four surveys: German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1991–2013), Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2013) and, for the UK, British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008) and Understanding Society (2010–2014), harmonized ex post. Unretirement behaviour was examined using Cox regression in relation to demographic covariates, education, health, and financial adequacy. Unretirement was common, affecting around 42% of Russian retirees, 25% of British retirees, and 17% of German retirees. In each country, retirees with more education, higher income, and better health more often returned to work. While recently retired people may represent a pool of potential labour, there was little indication that those in financial need were unretiring.