Ectopic tendons of the pectoralis minor muscle as cause for shoulder pain and motion inhibition—Explaining clinically important variabilities through phylogenesis

摘要

OJECTIVEClinical consequences of ectopic tendons of the pectoralis minor muscle (PMM) for shoulder pain and range-of-motion limitation have been demonstrated. For better understanding the existence of such ectopic tendons, a phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed.