One-Step Synthesis of TiO2/Graphene Nanocompositesby Laser Pyrolysis with Well-Controlled Properties and Applicationin Perovskite Solar Cells

摘要

This work presents an original synthesis of TiO2/graphene nanocomposites using laser pyrolysis for the demonstration of efficient and improved perovskite solar cells. This is a one-step and continuous process known for nanoparticle production, and it enables here the elaboration of TiO2 nanoparticles with controlled properties (stoichiometry, morphology, and crystallinity) directly grown on graphene materials. Using this process, a high quality of the TiO2/graphene interface is achieved, leading to an intimate electronic contact between the two materials. This effect is exploited for the photovoltaic application, where TiO2/graphene is used as an electron-extracting layer in n–i–p mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on the reference CH3NH3PbI3–xClx halide perovskite active layer. A significant and reproducible improvement of power conversion efficiencies under standard illumination is demonstrated, reaching 15.3% in average compared to 13.8% with a pure TiO2 electrode, mainly due to a drastic improvement in fill factor. This beneficial effect of graphene incorporation is revealed through pronounced photoluminescence quenching in the presence of graphene, which indicatesbetter electron injection from the perovskite active layer. Consideringthat a reduction of device hysteresis is also observed by grapheneaddition, the laser pyrolysis technique, which is compatible withlarge-scale industrial developments, is therefore a powerful toolfor the production of efficient optoelectronic devices based on abroad range of carbon nano-objects.