Prognostic Significance of Interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With or Without Renal Insufficiency

摘要

BackgroundRenal dysfunction, commonly associated with cardiac dysfunction, has predictive value for adverse long‐term outcomes in heart failure (HF). We previously identified a novel renal biomarker, interleukin‐34 (IL‐34), elevated in HF patients and associated with kidney dysfunction and coronary artery disease during HF. However, the prognostic value of IL‐34 in HF remains unclear, so that the present study aimed to determine it.