The Diurnal Rhythm of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Kir4.1 in Diabetes: Implications for a Clock Gene Bmal1

摘要

PurposeDiabetes leads to the downregulation of the retinal Kir4.1 channels and Müller cell dysfunction. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a critical regulator of insulin signaling in Müller cells. Circadian rhythms play an integral role in normal physiology; however, diabetes leads to a circadian dysrhythmia. We hypothesize that diabetes will result in a circadian dysrhythmia of IRS-1 and Kir4.1 and disturbed clock gene function will have a critical role in regulating Kir4.1 channels.